Global Cultural Conflict and Allama Iqbal

Global Cultural Conflict and Allama Iqbal

Modern civilization in the West began in the sixteenth century AD. The tradition of discovery, exploration, research, and discovery has created new possibilities in science and art. In science, this scientific thought caused a wave of concern in Christian circles. A conflict arose between religion and modern science, which eventually turned into hatred and confrontation. 

Socrates-like sacrifices were made by hundreds, if not thousands, of people to strengthen the tradition of modern science and modern art. But this attitude has created a permanent gulf between science and religion in the West. The attitude of secularism in Western civilization arose as a result of this intellectual conflict. This gulf between religion and science has become a precursor to a moral and spiritual decline in the material evolution of modern world civilization, from which cultural values ​​are still eroded.

The role that modern civilization has played in the development and evolution of scientific thought has resulted in the West becoming an industrial and mechanized culture. There was an influx of goods and services for which the search for new markets became a necessity. The need for cheap raw materials also provided opportunities for European nations to first look to African countries, then enter and eventually occupy.

Thus, despite the message of modern civilization and modern art, civilization became authoritarian, exploitative, and colonial. In the seventeenth century, the West had the opportunity to enter the Eastern kingdoms and then turn them into political slavery. This political enslavement led to the economic crisis in the East. The traumatic form of this crisis was the mental slavery that led to the building of a wall of perpetual hatred between East and West. 

Thus, the East and West became rivals instead of allies. Unfortunately for a while Hatred of the West and the British also turned into hatred of Western science, the long-term and far-reaching consequences of which we are still suffering. The West also suffers from a historical misconception that the power it has gained as a result of material progress and scientific conquests now seeks to transform it into world domination. To this end, it has inflicted a temporary defeat on its nearest rival, Russia, and is now dreaming of world civilization, swallowing up Islamic civilization or Eastern civilizations, which the world is desperate for. Is burning in the case of

The Greeks and later the Romans have held the position of the universal civilization and universal civilization that the West aspires to today, but their status on the pages of history is nothing more than a marquee lesson.

We do not want to get bogged down in interpreting the terms culture and socialization at this point. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, these terms have been used sometimes synonymously and sometimes in specific terms. Considering the etiquette of Oriental sciences, the terms civilization and civilization for civilization seem appropriate. It is necessary to state here a historical fact that the principles of civilization in the Islamic world were first stated and then in the light of them the manifestations of cultural evolution began to emerge. In the West, things are a little different. In the West, cultural evolution has taken place first, and then the process of creating or searching for civilized customs and rituals has continued. 

The person who has understood this secret of the delay and submission of civilization in the East and the West the most is Allama Muhammad Iqbal, who has presented it on a philosophical level in his modern sermons on the formation of Islamic theology. But in a quick-witted style Has stated in his poetry. Keep in mind that cultural evolution has always been about material resources, and that cultural evolution has moral or spiritual values. Allama Iqbal first observed this cultural impoverishment of the West during his stay in England during the period of the 3rd to 4th centuries. During this time he also went to Germany for a short break. In March 6, he wrote a poem for the first time sharply criticizing modern civilization:

The time has come bareness of the audience will be just

the silence covered that the secret will be revealed now

passed now to drink the bartender used to smoke the hide

will be all the Distillery, everyone spirits nor will

devote West Inhabitants of God's settlement is not a

shop. What you are understanding is that it will be worthless.

Your civilization will commit suicide with its own dagger. It will become

a nest on a delicate branch. It will be unsustainable.

(Call)

One hundred years after Goethe's "Western Diwan", Allama Muhammad Iqbal wrote a systematic reply in Persian under the title "Message of the East" in 1959, but wrote his thought-provoking case in Urdu. Appropriately an excerpt from the end of this preface is offered:

The Great War in Europe was a cataclysm that destroyed the old world system in almost every aspect and now nature is building a new Adam in the depths of life from the ashes of civilization and a new world to live in. Is a vague outline of which we find in the writings of the sages Einstein and Bergson. Europe has seen with its own eyes the terrible consequences of its scientific, moral, and economic goals; Whether the true and strong human character is renewed or reproduced, it is respectable. ”

Understanding today's topic is a major scientific challenge. One aspect of the constant turmoil in world politics is the dangerous war situation that has ruined world peace in the wake of the collapse of civilizations. A large portion of the world's gross domestic product (GDP) is devoted to the development of military equipment, rather than to the search for causes that create an atmosphere of mutual respect for human values. Can be removed. In other words, it can be argued that global wisdom seeks a solution to problems through the language of force rather than a culture of dialogue and negotiation, which has never been possible in human history and is not possible today. Allama Iqbal, while giving a philosophical explanation of this problem, has tried to explain to us in the modern formulation of Islamic theology that the world of Islam is moving towards the West at a very fast pace mentally. Their There is nothing wrong with this journey, because Western civilization is a developed form of Islamic civilization in its conscious aspect. If we are afraid, it is that the outward glare of Western civilization will not deprive us of this conscious journey of true esoteric access to Islam. In the centuries in which we have slept, Europe has been contemplating major issues, and the nature of these issues is what Muslim scientists and philosophers have been pondering before. In the Middle Ages, when the theological schools of thought of the Muslims were formed, there has been a very valuable development in human thought and experience in the next period. The subjugation of man's nature gives him a new faith and a new sense of domination. After that, if the new generation of Muslims in Asia and Africa wants a new interpretation of their faith and belief, it is not surprising. For the revival of Islam, it has become necessary for us to have an open mind of Western ideas

In the last three or four centuries, the West has accumulated a wealth of scientific discoveries, medical knowledge, conquests of the universe and amazing inventions, which are undoubtedly admirable and worthy of imitation. If we study the Qur'an, in many places we have been invited to reflect on the different components of this universe and at the same time we have been drawn to the conquest of the universe. Science and Islam do not seem to be in conflict anywhere, but the fact is that science is constantly moving towards confirmation and validation of the verses of revelation, but our religious scholars are often unaware and unaware of this scientific and research progress. The consequences of the damage done to us by this scientific and research negligence can be seen everywhere in the Islamic world. Allama Muhammad Iqbal has no objection to this scientific and scientific progress of the West, but he is rightly concerned about the scenes of moral and spiritual poverty that he sees in the forefront of this material progress. Ignorance or denial of the science of revelation The scientific or material progress that will result is the result of moral decay and spiritual impoverishment for the human race. A thought-provoking poem in his collection "Baal Jibril" by Lenin. In the presence of God. At one point, Iqbal says:

The Lord of the East, the Lord of the

West, the Lord of the West, the shining metals!

The nation that is deprived

of the bounty of heaven is the limit of its perfections, electricity, and steam!

The government of death machines for the heart is the

instrument that crushes the sense of well-being

When the springs of knowledge and research are cut off from revelation, then atheism spreads as a result. The phenomena of material progress can blind the eyes in a secular society, but it destroys the world of the heart and injures humanity. Allama Iqbal witnessed this scientific development and cultural revolution of the West with his own eyes a century ago today, so his analysis shows a depth and compassion. Describing such Western society, he says in the poem:

Very light, knowledge and skills in Europe

right is that font hyuan the darkness

in gracefulness construction, in health, in Safa

are more than churches, banks, construction

trade shows, gambling on the fact

of interest to a for death mfajat

knowledge, the wisdom, the wisdom, the government

drink blood, the Education equality

unemployment and poverty and vulgarity agony and wine

are less victories of European citizenship?

When will the ship of capitalism sink?

The world is waiting for the Day of Judgment

(Gabriel's wing)

In Iqbal's thought, we do not see a comparison between Western and Islamic civilizations, because for comparison, homosexuality and facts must be the same. His prose writings mention the creative growth of Western sciences, but at the cultural level he seems frustrated and dissatisfied with the present and future of Western nations. Islamic civilization is basically a civilization of the heart, while Western civilization is dependent on mental conquests. The former civilization requires the maturation of the soul, while the latter civilization does not have the ability to look beyond physical and bodily pleasures. Islamic civilization considers divine revelation as its source, while Western civilization relies on human consciousness and that is its limitation. Islamic thought focuses on resurrection, while Western civilization does not go beyond the realm of livelihood. Eastern civilization draws attention to the inner light, while Western civilization seems to be engrossed in outward beauty:

The redness on the faces is the head of Syria

or Gaza or the miracles of Sagar and Mina.

(Gabriel's wing)

In one of the stanzas of his poem "Khidr-e-Rah", Iqbal has openly criticized Western civilization and its democratic system as well as its institutions, which has given Iqbal a deeper consciousness, drive, level of understanding and ability to analyze. Estimated:

He is the maker Cohn, the democratic system

in which the curtains other than Illinois Kayseri

giant tyranny democratic Kobe found in the coat

think it is freedom Sapphire pre-

Islamic constitution and reform of concessions and rights,

sweet taste in medicine West, the dream Submissions

grmyy speech genitals meetings alaman

also a capital of war Zargar!

This mirage of color and smell is considered a flower, so

ah! O foolish cage, you have considered it a hope

(Call)

There was this energy in Iqbal's thought that he awakened the individual's self and taught him the national selflessness. Slave nations longed for their freedom and as soon as they saw it, the shackles of slavery began to break from Morocco to Malaysia and finally the Islamic world was liberated from the tyrannical and colonial clutches of the colonial system. But now, more than half a century later, we have not been able to free ourselves from the clutches of mental and cultural slavery. The Islamic nation could not form an ideological state according to its ideology and way of life and this dream has not yet been realized. In this regard, an incident of Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi is worth mentioning. He says that when he agreed to meet Stalin in Moscow, he presented him with a map of Islamic civilization. At the end of their conversation, Stalin asked:

"Which nation in the world is living according to this map?" Maulana replied: "At present no nation is living according to this map." So Stalin finally said: "Once a nation is committed to it and experiences it, then we will see what the results are."

The period in which Allama Iqbal was born was a colonial period in the subcontinent and in the Islamic world. Resistance movements existed in one form or another in the Islamic world. At this time, the conflict between Eastern and Western cultural values ​​is at its height. The East, especially the Islamic world, was not only against Western colonialism but also hated their culture, sciences, and arts. A limited number of Muslims favored the study of Western sciences and the English language, leaving Muslims in general and the Muslims of the subcontinent far behind in the pursuit of modern education. Scientific research and modern science had a profound effect on the formation of a new world society, which posed a new challenge to Islamic thought. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, on the one hand, strongly supported the study of modern sciences and, on the other hand, sought to alleviate the difficulties created by the transformation of cultural phenomena. 

He also drew attention to the need for ijtihad. In the ancient times of Muslims, the practice of ijtihad continued in various schools of thought, but now the demands of modern Islamic states have created the need for collective ijtihad, in which the importance of scholars and specialists in religious sciences remains, but collective institutions for ijtihad. The need arose.

 Iqbal considers parliament to be indispensable for ijtihad in modern times, but how can this parliament be formed so that Shariah experts who have insight into ijtihad can reach the assemblies? That is why the Islamic world, breathing on the threshold of the 21st century, has not been able to create such an atmosphere in any of its parliaments. However, legal and jurisprudential institutions have been formed which are playing a significant role in advancing the cause of Ijtihad inside or outside the state. Continued, but now the demands of modern Islamic states have created the need for collective ijtihad, in which the importance of scholars and specialists in religious studies remained, but the need for collective institutions for ijtihad. Iqbal considers parliament to be indispensable for ijtihad in modern times, but how can this parliament be formed so that Shariah experts who have insight into ijtihad can reach the assemblies? 

That is why the Islamic world, breathing on the threshold of the 21st century, has not been able to create such an atmosphere in any of its parliaments. However, legal and jurisprudential institutions have been formed which are playing a significant role in advancing the cause of Ijtihad inside or outside the state. Continued, but now the demands of modern Islamic states have created the need for collective ijtihad, in which the importance of scholars and specialists in religious studies remained, but the need for collective institutions for ijtihad. Iqbal considers parliament to be indispensable for ijtihad in modern times, but how can this parliament be formed so that Shariah experts who have insight into ijtihad can reach the assemblies?

 That is why the Islamic world, breathing on the threshold of the 21st century, has not been able to create such an atmosphere in any of its parliaments. However, legal and jurisprudential institutions have been formed which are playing a significant role in advancing the cause of Ijtihad inside or outside the state. In modern times, parliament is considered indispensable for ijtihad, but how can this parliament be formed so that Shariah experts who have insight into ijtihad can reach the assemblies? That is why the Islamic world, breathing on the threshold of the 21st century, has not been able to create such an atmosphere in any of its parliaments. However, legal and jurisprudential institutions have been formed which are playing a significant role in advancing the cause of Ijtihad inside or outside the state. In modern times, parliament is considered indispensable for ijtihad, but how can this parliament be formed so that Shariah experts who have insight into ijtihad can reach the assemblies? That is why the Islamic world, breathing on the threshold of the 21st century, has not been able to create such an atmosphere in any of its parliaments. However, legal and jurisprudential institutions have been formed which are playing a significant role in advancing the cause of Ijtihad inside or outside the state.

Western civilization has adopted democracy for its political form, which undoubtedly seems to be derived from and benefited from the shura system granted by Islam, but in its practical form it has not produced results that are in harmony with the basic features of an Islamic state. ۔ That is why Allama Muhammad Iqbal has sharply criticized the concept of Western democracy:

It is the same instrument, the democratic system of the West,

which is not

in the veil

, but in the guise of a new Caesar, the giant of tyranny.

(Hazrat Rah-e-Bang Dara)

If the glory of the kingdom is a democratic spectacle,

separate from politics, then only Genghis Khan is left!

(Gabriel's wing)

What are the meanings of strangers?

The humorous nature of Solomon did not come

out of the way of democracy, the slave of hard work

showed that the mind of two hundred donkeys did not come out of the mind.

(Democracy, Message of the East)

Western civilization and democracy are inseparable, but for Islamic states, Iqbal aspires to a spiritual democracy that can guarantee the values ​​of Islamic society. Western governments, despite their democratic temperament, are dividing the world instead of uniting it. At the economic level too, Western civilization has an exploitative attitude, which has been observed for centuries. What an anti-justice and unjust civilization that vetoes certain powers on the platform of the United Nations as a result of which oppression and cruelty seem to flourish. In view of this situation, Western civilization is rapidly declining and the evil spirits of the West seem to be disturbed by this scene of destruction and ruin. The decline and defeat that capitalist civilization is facing these days cannot be cured by any intellectual. The peace of the world is being shattered and the smoke of electricity and gunpowder is all around. Famous Western

"He who kills a man is called a murderer, but he who draws hands with the blood of thousands of innocents is called a conqueror."

The famous twentieth-century British historian Nine B used the term Encounter of Civilization to describe the clash of civilizations. Contemporary Jewish thinker Bernard Lewis has called this encounter a Clash. Similarly, Samuel P. Huntington, a professor at Harvard University in the United States, in his book (Clash of Civilizations) has extended this notion of war in this clash of civilizations to war madness. Francis Fukuyama, in his book The End Hastory, attempts to portray the future of the world in a way that ultimately shifts power to a one-axis force and thus the rest of the world. Will take the form of a colony.

According to Western nations, the cure for this historical implication lies in globalization. Through their military might and economic dominance, they want to see the world as a global village ruled by them alone, but a new generation of African Muslims wants a new interpretation of their faith and beliefs. The teaching of the conquest of nature and the study of the phenomena of the universe is an important teaching of our Qur'anic scripture, so we must examine with an open mind the progress of the West and the principles of the results and scientific victories that the West has so far achieved. What are these and to what extent do these principles agree or disagree with Islamic thought? In this journey of conquest of the universe, the Western powers have achieved the status of Jahan-e-Gari and Jahan-e-Dari, but they are deprived of the position of Jahan-e-Bani and Jahan-e-Arai.

From the world of knowledge, it is more difficult

to see

(Dawn of Islam, call to prayer)

The global situation created by the clash of civilizations in the 21st century is worrisome in many ways. The war of interests between nations has taken on ugly forms of oppression and exploitation.

The study of Allama Muhammad Iqbal's scholarly work in poetry and prose conveys the message of peace and security in this conflict of civilizations. That study points to a path of human dignity that transcends the distinctions of color, blood, language, and geography in the nations of the world. Let's present Iqbal's message to the world with the confidence that it offers a solution to our current global problems.

Human unity and respect for Adam are among the basic tenets and basic teachings of Islam. Iqbal is a poet of respect for humanity and presents its spiritual interpretation on a scientific basis along with the material interpretation of the universe to illuminate its future. He has a clear vision and mission for the future of the human world. He envisioned the formation of an Islamic state in the subcontinent, fulfilling the mission of creating a model for the faith, moral and spiritual growth and development of humanity that is in tune with the color and harmony of the state of Madinah. ۔ According to Iqbal, this is the system and message from which a world civilization can come into being:

The purpose of the separation of nations is the purpose of wisdom. The purpose of

Islam is only the nation of Adam.

Mecca gave this message to the dust of Geneva

(Multiplication of words)

Western civilization is a form of evolution of human civilization that is ignorant of the faith and spiritual values ​​wrapped in the embrace of democracy and secularism. The West is so far removed from the spirit of religion by the irrational thinking and hatred of the Church that it is an inevitable requirement of human nature. The West has not been able to reconcile the requirements of moral development with material evolution. The reasons for his deviation from religion are clear. His ideological contradiction is that he believes in globalization but is committed to the political, social, economic and societal division of human beings and societies. The current economic, social and moral crisis in the West will soon lead it to change, but this change must be direct, not reversible. Western intellectuals will soon realize the fact that the current situation is not a clash of civilizations but a conflict of interest. The thinkers of the Islamic world should also make it clear that Allah is the Lord of the East and the Lord. Morocco too. The color of world civilization will be shaped by the divine message and this work will be done by those who can see the Word of God and Work of God in a blended perspective so that we can live in the light of civilization instead of the civilization of light.